git
git-apply
The manual page and help for the git apply Linux command. The git apply command reads the supplied diff output (ie "a patch") and applies it to the files. When running from a subdirectory of a package, fixed paths outside the directory are ignored. With the --index option, the patch is also added to the index, and with the --cached option, only to the index. Without these options, the command only applies the patch to the files and does not require them to be in a Git repository.
Upgrading your Drupal 9 base system in two ways
There have been several base system updates for Drupal 9 CMS in recent weeks, so it's worth reviewing its update mechanism as before for the Drupal 8 update. In this description, I'm going to update the Drupal 10 website installed on the Debian 9 (Buster) perfect server from 9.1.2 to 9.1.4, so here we now jump to several versions at once. There are two ways to do this: first with a composer, and then look at the manual update.