SENDMAIL(1)                     General Commands Manual                     SENDMAIL(1)

NAME
       sendmail - Postfix to Sendmail compatibility interface

SYNOPSIS
       sendmail [option ...] [recipient ...]

       mailq
       sendmail -bp

       newaliases
       sendmail -I

DESCRIPTION
       The Postfix sendmail(1) command implements the Postfix to Sendmail compatibility
       interface.  For the sake of compatibility with existing applications, some Send‐
       mail command-line options are recognized but silently ignored.

       By default, Postfix sendmail(1) reads a message from standard input until EOF or
       until it reads a line with only a . character, and arranges for delivery.  Post‐
       fix  sendmail(1) relies on the postdrop(1) command to create a queue file in the
       maildrop directory.

       Specific command aliases are provided for other common modes of operation:

       mailq  List the mail queue. Each entry shows the queue file  ID,  message  size,
              arrival time, sender, and the recipients that still need to be delivered.
              If mail could not be delivered upon the  last  attempt,  the  reason  for
              failure  is  shown. The queue ID string is followed by an optional status
              character:

              *      The message is in the active queue, i.e. the message  is  selected
                     for delivery.

              !      The message is in the hold queue, i.e. no further delivery attempt
                     will be made until the mail is taken off hold.

              This mode of operation is implemented by executing the postqueue(1)  com‐
              mand.

       newaliases
              Initialize  the  alias database.  If no input file is specified (with the
              -oA option, see below), the program processes the file(s) specified  with
              the alias_database configuration parameter.  If no alias database type is
              specified, the program uses the type  specified  with  the  default_data‐
              base_type configuration parameter.  This mode of operation is implemented
              by running the postalias(1) command.

              Note: it may take a minute or so before an alias database update  becomes
              visible. Use the "postfix reload" command to eliminate this delay.

       These  and other features can be selected by specifying the appropriate combina‐
       tion of command-line options. Some features are controlled by parameters in  the
       main.cf configuration file.

       The following options are recognized:

       -Am (ignored)

       -Ac (ignored)
              Postfix  sendmail  uses the same configuration file regardless of whether
              or not a message is an initial submission.

       -B body_type
              The message body MIME type: 7BIT or 8BITMIME.

       -bd    Go into daemon mode. This mode of operation is implemented  by  executing
              the "postfix start" command.

       -bh (ignored)

       -bH (ignored)
              Postfix has no persistent host status database.

       -bi    Initialize alias database. See the newaliases command above.

       -bl    Go  into daemon mode. To accept only local connections as with Sendmail´s
              -bl option, specify "inet_interfaces = loopback" in the  Postfix  main.cf
              configuration file.

       -bm    Read  mail  from  standard  input  and arrange for delivery.  This is the
              default mode of operation.

       -bp    List the mail queue. See the mailq command above.

       -bs    Stand-alone SMTP server mode. Read SMTP commands from standard input, and
              write  responses  to  standard  output.  In stand-alone SMTP server mode,
              mail relaying and other access  controls  are  disabled  by  default.  To
              enable them, run the process as the mail_owner user.

              This mode of operation is implemented by running the smtpd(8) daemon.

       -bv    Do  not collect or deliver a message. Instead, send an email report after
              verifying each recipient address.  This is  useful  for  testing  address
              rewriting and routing configurations.

              This feature is available in Postfix version 2.1 and later.

       -C config_file

       -C config_dir
              The  path  name  of the Postfix main.cf file, or of its parent directory.
              This information is ignored with Postfix versions before 2.3.

              With all Postfix versions, you can specify a directory pathname with  the
              MAIL_CONFIG  environment  variable to override the location of configura‐
              tion files.

       -F full_name
              Set the sender full name. This overrides the NAME  environment  variable,
              and is used only with messages that have no From: message header.

       -f sender
              Set the envelope sender address. This is the address where delivery prob‐
              lems are sent to. With Postfix versions before 2.1, the  Errors-To:  mes‐
              sage header overrides the error return address.

       -G     Gateway  (relay)  submission,  as  opposed  to  initial  user submission.
              Either do not rewrite addresses at all, or  update  incomplete  addresses
              with the domain information specified with remote_header_rewrite_domain.

              This option is ignored before Postfix version 2.3.

       -h hop_count (ignored)
              Hop count limit. Use the hopcount_limit configuration parameter instead.

       -I     Initialize alias database. See the newaliases command above.

       -i     When  reading a message from standard input, don´t treat a line with only
              a . character as the end of input.

       -L label (ignored)
              The logging label. Use the syslog_name configuration parameter instead.

       -m (ignored)
              Backwards compatibility.

       -N dsn (default: 'delay, failure')
              Delivery status notification control. Specify  either  a  comma-separated
              list with one or more of failure (send notification when delivery fails),
              delay (send notification when delivery  is  delayed),  or  success  (send
              notification when the message is delivered); or specify never (don't send
              any notifications at all).

              This feature is available in Postfix 2.3 and later.

       -n (ignored)
              Backwards compatibility.

       -oAalias_database
              Non-default  alias  database.  Specify  pathname  or  type:pathname.  See
              postalias(1) for details.

       -O option=value (ignored)
              Set the named option to value. Use the equivalent configuration parameter
              in main.cf instead.

       -o7 (ignored)

       -o8 (ignored)
              To send 8-bit or binary content, use an  appropriate  MIME  encapsulation
              and specify the appropriate -B command-line option.

       -oi    When  reading a message from standard input, don´t treat a line with only
              a . character as the end of input.

       -om (ignored)
              The sender is never eliminated from alias etc. expansions.

       -o x value (ignored)
              Set option x to value. Use  the  equivalent  configuration  parameter  in
              main.cf instead.

       -r sender
              Set the envelope sender address. This is the address where delivery prob‐
              lems are sent to. With Postfix versions before 2.1, the  Errors-To:  mes‐
              sage header overrides the error return address.

       -R return
              Delivery  status notification control.  Specify "hdrs" to return only the
              header when a message bounces, "full" to return a full copy (the  default
              behavior).

              The  -R  option  specifies  an  upper bound; Postfix will return only the
              header, when a full copy would exceed the bounce_size_limit setting.

              This option is ignored before Postfix version 2.10.

       -q     Attempt to deliver all queued mail. This is implemented by executing  the
              postqueue(1) command.

              Warning:  flushing  undeliverable  mail  frequently  will  result in poor
              delivery performance of all other mail.

       -qinterval (ignored)
              The interval between queue runs. Use  the  queue_run_delay  configuration
              parameter instead.

       -qIqueueid
              Schedule  immediate  delivery  of mail with the specified queue ID.  This
              option is implemented by  executing  the  postqueue(1)  command,  and  is
              available with Postfix version 2.4 and later.

       -qRsite
              Schedule  immediate  delivery  of  all  mail that is queued for the named
              site. This option accepts only site names that are eligible for the "fast
              flush" service, and is implemented by executing the postqueue(1) command.
              See flush(8) for more information about the "fast flush" service.

       -qSsite
              This command is not implemented. Use the  slower  "sendmail  -q"  command
              instead.

       -t     Extract  recipients  from message headers. These are added to any recipi‐
              ents specified on the command line.

              With Postfix versions prior to 2.1, this option requires that no  recipi‐
              ent addresses are specified on the command line.

       -U (ignored)
              Initial user submission.

       -V envid
              Specify the envelope ID for notification by servers that support DSN.

              This feature is available in Postfix 2.3 and later.

       -XV (Postfix 2.2 and earlier: -V)
              Variable  Envelope  Return  Path. Given an envelope sender address of the
              form owner-listname@origin, each recipient user@domain receives mail with
              a personalized envelope sender address.

              By  default,  the  personalized  envelope  sender  address is owner-list‐
              name+user=domain@origin. The default + and = characters are  configurable
              with the default_verp_delimiters configuration parameter.

       -XVxy (Postfix 2.2 and earlier: -Vxy)
              As -XV, but uses x and y as the VERP delimiter characters, instead of the
              characters  specified  with  the  default_verp_delimiters   configuration
              parameter.

       -v     Send  an email report of the first delivery attempt (Postfix versions 2.1
              and later). Mail delivery always happens in the background. When multiple
              -v options are given, enable verbose logging for debugging purposes.

       -X log_file (ignored)
              Log mailer traffic. Use the debug_peer_list and debug_peer_level configu‐
              ration parameters instead.

SECURITY
       By design, this program is not set-user (or group) id. However, it  must  handle
       data  from  untrusted, possibly remote, users.  Thus, the usual precautions need
       to be taken against malicious inputs.

DIAGNOSTICS
       Problems are logged to syslogd(8) and to the standard error stream.

ENVIRONMENT
       MAIL_CONFIG
              Directory with Postfix configuration files.

       MAIL_VERBOSE (value does not matter)
              Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes.

       MAIL_DEBUG (value does not matter)
              Enable debugging with an external command, as specified with  the  debug‐
              ger_command configuration parameter.

       NAME   The  sender full name. This is used only with messages that have no From:
              message header. See also the -F option above.

CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
       The following main.cf parameters are especially relevant to this  program.   The
       text  below  provides only a parameter summary. See postconf(5) for more details
       including examples.

COMPATIBILITY CONTROLS
       Available with Postfix 2.9 and later:

       sendmail_fix_line_endings (always)
              Controls how the Postfix sendmail command  converts  email  message  line
              endings from <CR><LF> into UNIX format (<LF>).

TROUBLE SHOOTING CONTROLS
       The DEBUG_README file gives examples of how to trouble shoot a Postfix system.

       debugger_command (empty)
              The  external command to execute when a Postfix daemon program is invoked
              with the -D option.

       debug_peer_level (2)
              The increment in verbose logging level when a  remote  client  or  server
              matches a pattern in the debug_peer_list parameter.

       debug_peer_list (empty)
              Optional list of remote client or server hostname or network address pat‐
              terns that cause the verbose logging level  to  increase  by  the  amount
              specified in $debug_peer_level.

ACCESS CONTROLS
       Available in Postfix version 2.2 and later:

       authorized_flush_users (static:anyone)
              List of users who are authorized to flush the queue.

       authorized_mailq_users (static:anyone)
              List of users who are authorized to view the queue.

       authorized_submit_users (static:anyone)
              List of users who are authorized to submit mail with the sendmail(1) com‐
              mand (and with the privileged postdrop(1) helper command).

RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS
       bounce_size_limit (50000)
              The maximal amount of original message text that is sent in a  non-deliv‐
              ery notification.

       fork_attempts (5)
              The maximal number of attempts to fork() a child process.

       fork_delay (1s)
              The delay between attempts to fork() a child process.

       hopcount_limit (50)
              The  maximal  number of Received:  message headers that is allowed in the
              primary message headers.

       queue_run_delay (300s)
              The time between deferred queue scans by  the  queue  manager;  prior  to
              Postfix 2.4 the default value was 1000s.

FAST FLUSH CONTROLS
       The ETRN_README file describes configuration and operation details for the Post‐
       fix "fast flush" service.

       fast_flush_domains ($relay_domains)
              Optional list of destinations that are eligible for per-destination  log‐
              files with mail that is queued to those destinations.

VERP CONTROLS
       The  VERP_README  file  describes configuration and operation details of Postfix
       support for variable envelope return path addresses.

       default_verp_delimiters (+=)
              The two default VERP delimiter characters.

       verp_delimiter_filter (-=+)
              The characters Postfix accepts as VERP delimiter characters on the  Post‐
              fix sendmail(1) command line and in SMTP commands.

MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS
       alias_database (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The   alias  databases  for  local(8)  delivery  that  are  updated  with
              "newaliases" or with "sendmail -bi".

       command_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The location of all postfix administrative commands.

       config_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The default location of the Postfix main.cf and  master.cf  configuration
              files.

       daemon_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The directory with Postfix support programs and daemon programs.

       default_database_type (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The  default  database  type  for  use in newaliases(1), postalias(1) and
              postmap(1) commands.

       delay_warning_time (0h)
              The time after which the sender receives a copy of the message headers of
              mail that is still queued.

       mail_owner (postfix)
              The UNIX system account that owns the Postfix queue and most Postfix dae‐
              mon processes.

       queue_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.

       remote_header_rewrite_domain (empty)
              Don't rewrite message headers from remote clients at all when this param‐
              eter  is  empty; otherwise, rewrite message headers and append the speci‐
              fied domain name to incomplete addresses.

       syslog_facility (mail)
              The syslog facility of Postfix logging.

       syslog_name (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The mail system name that is prepended to  the  process  name  in  syslog
              records, so that "smtpd" becomes, for example, "postfix/smtpd".

FILES
       /var/spool/postfix, mail queue
       /etc/postfix, configuration files

SEE ALSO
       pickup(8), mail pickup daemon
       qmgr(8), queue manager
       smtpd(8), SMTP server
       flush(8), fast flush service
       postsuper(1), queue maintenance
       postalias(1), create/update/query alias database
       postdrop(1), mail posting utility
       postfix(1), mail system control
       postqueue(1), mail queue control
       syslogd(8), system logging

README_FILES
       Use  "postconf  readme_directory"  or  "postconf  html_directory" to locate this
       information.
       DEBUG_README, Postfix debugging howto
       ETRN_README, Postfix ETRN howto
       VERP_README, Postfix VERP howto

LICENSE
       The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

AUTHOR(S)
       Wietse Venema
       IBM T.J. Watson Research
       P.O. Box 704
       Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA

       Wietse Venema
       Google, Inc.
       111 8th Avenue
       New York, NY 10011, USA

                                                                            SENDMAIL(1)

Nincs súgója