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License: GNU GPLv2 +
Version: 1.19.7 (in Debian 10)
Developer / owner:
Short description:
Manual page and help for the dpkg-buildpackage linux command. Dpkg-buildpackage is a program that automates the build process for Debian packages.
Man page output
man dpkg-buildpackagedpkg-buildpackage(1) dpkg suite dpkg-buildpackage(1)
NAME
dpkg-buildpackage - build binary or source packages from sources
SYNOPSIS
dpkg-buildpackage [option...]
DESCRIPTION
dpkg-buildpackage is a program that automates the process of building a Debian package. It
consists of the following steps:
1. It prepares the build environment by setting various environment variables (see
ENVIRONMENT), runs the init hook, and calls dpkg-source --before-build (unless -T or
--target has been used).
2. It checks that the build-dependencies and build-conflicts are satisfied (unless -d or
--no-check-builddeps is specified).
3. If one or more specific targets have been selected with the -T or --target option, it
calls those targets and stops here. Otherwise it runs the preclean hook and calls
fakeroot debian/rules clean to clean the build-tree (unless -nc or --no-pre-clean is
specified).
4. It runs the source hook and calls dpkg-source -b to generate the source package (if a
source build has been requested with --build or equivalent options).
5. It runs the build hook and calls debian/rules build-target, then runs the binary hook
followed by fakeroot debian/rules binary-target (unless a source-only build has been
requested with --build=source or equivalent options). Note that build-target and
binary-target are either build and binary (default case, or if an any and all build has
been requested with --build or equivalent options), or build-arch and binary-arch (if
an any and not all build has been requested with --build or equivalent options), or
build-indep and binary-indep (if an all and not any build has been requested with
--build or equivalent options).
6. It runs the buildinfo hook and calls dpkg-genbuildinfo to generate a .buildinfo file.
Several dpkg-buildpackage options are forwarded to dpkg-genbuildinfo.
7. It runs the changes hook and calls dpkg-genchanges to generate a .changes file. The
name of the .changes file will depend on the type of build and will be as specific as
necessary but not more; for a build that includes any the name will be source-
name_binary-version_arch.changes, or otherwise for a build that includes all the name
will be source-name_binary-version_all.changes, or otherwise for a build that includes
source the name will be source-name_source-version_source.changes. Many
dpkg-buildpackage options are forwarded to dpkg-genchanges.
8. It runs the postclean hook and if -tc or --post-clean is specified, it will call
fakeroot debian/rules clean again.
9. It calls dpkg-source --after-build.
10.
It runs the check hook and calls a package checker for the .changes file (if a command
is specified in DEB_CHECK_COMMAND or with --check-command).
11.
It runs the sign hook and calls gpg2 or gpg (as long as it is not an UNRELEASED build,
or --no-sign is specified) to sign the .dsc file (if any, unless -us or
--unsigned-source is specified), the .buildinfo file (unless -ui, --unsigned-buildinfo,
-uc or --unsigned-changes is specified) and the .changes file (unless -uc or
--unsigned-changes is specified).
12.
It runs the done hook.
OPTIONS
All long options can be specified both on the command line and in the dpkg-buildpackage
system and user configuration files. Each line in the configuration file is either an
option (exactly the same as the command line option but without leading hyphens) or a
comment (if it starts with a ‘#’).
--build=type
Specifies the build type from a comma-separated list of components (since dpkg
1.18.5). Passed to dpkg-genchanges.
The allowed values are:
source Builds the source package. Note: when using this value standalone and if
what you want is simply to (re-)build the source package from a clean source
tree, using dpkg-source directly is always a better option as it does not
require any build dependencies to be installed which are otherwise needed to
be able to call the clean target.
any Builds the architecture specific binary packages.
all Builds the architecture independent binary packages.
binary Builds the architecture specific and independent binary packages. This is
an alias for any,all.
full Builds everything. This is an alias for source,any,all, and the same as the
default case when no build option is specified.
-g Equivalent to --build=source,all (since dpkg 1.17.11).
-G Equivalent to --build=source,any (since dpkg 1.17.11).
-b Equivalent to --build=binary or --build=any,all.
-B Equivalent to --build=any.
-A Equivalent to --build=all.
-S Equivalent to --build=source.
-F Equivalent to --build=full, --build=source,binary or --build=source,any,all (since
dpkg 1.15.8).
--target=target[,...]
--target target[,...]
-T, --rules-target=target[,...]
Calls debian/rules target once per target specified, after having setup the build
environment (except for calling dpkg-source --before-build), and stops the package
build process here (since dpkg 1.15.0, long option since dpkg 1.18.8, multi-target
support since dpkg 1.18.16). If --as-root is also given, then the command is
executed as root (see --root-command). Note that known targets that are required
to be run as root do not need this option (i.e. the clean, binary, binary-arch and
binary-indep targets).
--as-root
Only meaningful together with --target (since dpkg 1.15.0). Requires that the
target be run with root rights.
-si
-sa
-sd
-vversion
-Cchanges-description
-m, --release-by=maintainer-address
-e, --build-by=maintainer-address
Passed unchanged to dpkg-genchanges. See its manual page.
-a, --host-arch architecture
Specify the Debian architecture we build for (long option since dpkg 1.17.17). The
architecture of the machine we build on is determined automatically, and is also
the default for the host machine.
-t, --host-type gnu-system-type
Specify the GNU system type we build for (long option since dpkg 1.17.17). It can
be used in place of --host-arch or as a complement to override the default GNU
system type of the host Debian architecture.
--target-arch architecture
Specify the Debian architecture the binaries built will build for (since dpkg
1.17.17). The default value is the host machine.
--target-type gnu-system-type
Specify the GNU system type the binaries built will build for (since dpkg 1.17.17).
It can be used in place of --target-arch or as a complement to override the default
GNU system type of the target Debian architecture.
-P, --build-profiles=profile[,...]
Specify the profile(s) we build, as a comma-separated list (since dpkg 1.17.2, long
option since dpkg 1.18.8). The default behavior is to build for no specific
profile. Also sets them (as a space separated list) as the DEB_BUILD_PROFILES
environment variable which allows, for example, debian/rules files to use this
information for conditional builds.
-j, --jobs[=jobs|auto]
Number of jobs allowed to be run simultaneously, number of jobs matching the number
of online processors if auto is specified (since dpkg 1.17.10), or unlimited number
if jobs is not specified, equivalent to the make(1) option of the same name (since
dpkg 1.14.7, long option since dpkg 1.18.8). Will add itself to the MAKEFLAGS
environment variable, which should cause all subsequent make invocations to inherit
the option, thus forcing the parallel setting on the packaging (and possibly the
upstream build system if that uses make) regardless of their support for parallel
builds, which might cause build failures. Also adds parallel=jobs or parallel to
the DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS environment variable which allows debian/rules files to use
this information for their own purposes. The -j value will override the
parallel=jobs or parallel option in the DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS environment variable.
Note that the auto value will get replaced by the actual number of currently active
processors, and as such will not get propagated to any child process. If the number
of online processors cannot be inferred then the code will fallback to using serial
execution (since dpkg 1.18.15), although this should only happen on exotic and
unsupported systems.
-J, --jobs-try[=jobs|auto]
This option (since dpkg 1.18.2, long option since dpkg 1.18.8) is equivalent to the
-j option except that it does not set the MAKEFLAGS environment variable, and as
such it is safer to use with any package including those that are not parallel-
build safe.
auto is the default behavior (since dpkg 1.18.11). Setting the number of jobs to 1
will restore a serial behavior.
-D, --check-builddeps
Check build dependencies and conflicts; abort if unsatisfied (long option since
dpkg 1.18.8). This is the default behavior.
-d, --no-check-builddeps
Do not check build dependencies and conflicts (long option since dpkg 1.18.8).
--ignore-builtin-builddeps
Do not check built-in build dependencies and conflicts (since dpkg 1.18.2). These
are the distribution specific implicit build dependencies usually required in a
build environment, the so called Build-Essential package set.
--rules-requires-root
Do not honor the Rules-Requires-Root field, falling back to its legacy default
value (since dpkg 1.19.1).
-nc, --no-pre-clean
Do not clean the source tree before building (long option since dpkg 1.18.8).
Implies -b if nothing else has been selected among -F, -g, -G, -B, -A or -S.
Implies -d with -S (since dpkg 1.18.0).
--pre-clean
Clean the source tree before building (since dpkg 1.18.8). This is the default
behavior.
-tc, --post-clean
Clean the source tree (using gain-root-command debian/rules clean) after the
package has been built (long option since dpkg 1.18.8).
--no-post-clean
Do not clean the source tree after the package has been built (since dpkg 1.19.1).
This is the default behavior.
-r, --root-command=gain-root-command
When dpkg-buildpackage needs to execute part of the build process as root, it
prefixes the command it executes with gain-root-command if one has been specified
(long option since dpkg 1.18.8). Otherwise, if none has been specified, fakeroot
will be used by default, if the command is present. gain-root-command should start
with the name of a program on the PATH and will get as arguments the name of the
real command to run and the arguments it should take. gain-root-command can
include parameters (they must be space-separated) but no shell metacharacters.
gain-root-command might typically be fakeroot, sudo, super or really. su is not
suitable, since it can only invoke the user's shell with -c instead of passing
arguments individually to the command to be run.
-R, --rules-file=rules-file
Building a Debian package usually involves invoking debian/rules as a command with
several standard parameters (since dpkg 1.14.17, long option since dpkg 1.18.8).
With this option it's possible to use another program invocation to build the
package (it can include space separated parameters). Alternatively it can be used
to execute the standard rules file with another make program (for example by using
/usr/local/bin/make -f debian/rules as rules-file).
--check-command=check-command
Command used to check the .changes file itself and any artifact built referenced in
the file (since dpkg 1.17.6). The command should take the .changes pathname as an
argument. This command will usually be lintian.
--check-option=opt
Pass option opt to the check-command specified with DEB_CHECK_COMMAND or
--check-command (since dpkg 1.17.6). Can be used multiple times.
--hook-hook-name=hook-command
Set the specified shell code hook-command as the hook hook-name, which will run at
the times specified in the run steps (since dpkg 1.17.6). The hooks will always be
executed even if the following action is not performed (except for the binary
hook). All the hooks will run in the unpacked source directory.
Note: Hooks can affect the build process, and cause build failures if their
commands fail, so watch out for unintended consequences.
The current hook-name supported are:
init preclean source build binary buildinfo changes postclean check sign done
The hook-command supports the following substitution format string, which will get
applied to it before execution:
%% A single % character.
%a A boolean value (0 or 1), representing whether the following action is being
performed.
%p The source package name.
%v The source package version.
%s The source package version (without the epoch).
%u The upstream version.
--buildinfo-option=opt
Pass option opt to dpkg-genbuildinfo (since dpkg 1.18.11). Can be used multiple
times.
-p, --sign-command=sign-command
When dpkg-buildpackage needs to execute GPG to sign a source control (.dsc) file or
a .changes file it will run sign-command (searching the PATH if necessary) instead
of gpg2 or gpg (long option since dpkg 1.18.8). sign-command will get all the
arguments that gpg2 or gpg would have gotten. sign-command should not contain
spaces or any other shell metacharacters.
-k, --sign-key=key-id
Specify a key-ID to use when signing packages (long option since dpkg 1.18.8).
-us, --unsigned-source
Do not sign the source package (long option since dpkg 1.18.8).
-ui, --unsigned-buildinfo
Do not sign the .buildinfo file (since dpkg 1.18.19).
-uc, --unsigned-changes
Do not sign the .buildinfo and .changes files (long option since dpkg 1.18.8).
--no-sign
Do not sign any file, this includes the source package, the .buildinfo file and the
.changes file (since dpkg 1.18.20).
--force-sign
Force the signing of the resulting files (since dpkg 1.17.0), regardless of -us,
--unsigned-source, -ui, --unsigned-buildinfo, -uc, --unsigned-changes or other
internal heuristics.
-sn
-ss
-sA
-sk
-su
-sr
-sK
-sU
-sR
-i, --diff-ignore[=regex]
-I, --tar-ignore[=pattern]
-z, --compression-level=level
-Z, --compression=compressor
Passed unchanged to dpkg-source. See its manual page.
--source-option=opt
Pass option opt to dpkg-source (since dpkg 1.15.6). Can be used multiple times.
--changes-option=opt
Pass option opt to dpkg-genchanges (since dpkg 1.15.6). Can be used multiple
times.
--admindir=dir
--admindir dir
Change the location of the dpkg database (since dpkg 1.14.0). The default location
is /var/lib/dpkg.
-?, --help
Show the usage message and exit.
--version
Show the version and exit.
ENVIRONMENT
External environment
DEB_CHECK_COMMAND
If set, it will be used as the command to check the .changes file (since dpkg
1.17.6). Overridden by the --check-command option.
DEB_SIGN_KEYID
If set, it will be used to sign the .changes and .dsc files (since dpkg 1.17.2).
Overridden by the --sign-key option.
DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS
If set, it will contain a space-separated list of options that might affect the
build process in debian/rules, and the behavior of some dpkg commands.
With nocheck the DEB_CHECK_COMMAND variable will be ignored. With parallel=N the
parallel jobs will be set to N, overridden by the --jobs-try option.
DEB_BUILD_PROFILES
If set, it will be used as the active build profile(s) for the package being built
(since dpkg 1.17.2). It is a space separated list of profile names. Overridden by
the -P option.
DPKG_COLORS
Sets the color mode (since dpkg 1.18.5). The currently accepted values are: auto
(default), always and never.
DPKG_NLS
If set, it will be used to decide whether to activate Native Language Support, also
known as internationalization (or i18n) support (since dpkg 1.19.0). The accepted
values are: 0 and 1 (default).
Internal environment
Even if dpkg-buildpackage exports some variables, debian/rules should not rely on their
presence and should instead use the respective interface to retrieve the needed values,
because that file is the main entry point to build packages and running it standalone
should be supported.
DEB_BUILD_*
DEB_HOST_*
DEB_TARGET_*
dpkg-architecture is called with the -a and -t parameters forwarded. Any variable
that is output by its -s option is integrated in the build environment.
DEB_RULES_REQUIRES_ROOT
This variable is set to the value obtained from the Rules-Requires-Root field or
from the command-line. When set, it will be a valid value for the
Rules-Requires-Root field. It is used to notify debian/rules whether the
rootless-builds.txt specification is supported.
DEB_GAIN_ROOT_CMD
This variable is set to gain-root-command when the field Rules-Requires-Root is set
to a value different to no and binary-targets.
SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH
This variable is set to the Unix timestamp since the epoch of the latest entry in
debian/changelog, if it is not already defined.
FILES
/etc/dpkg/buildpackage.conf
System wide configuration file
$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/dpkg/buildpackage.conf or
$HOME/.config/dpkg/buildpackage.conf
User configuration file.
NOTES
Compiler flags are no longer exported
Between dpkg 1.14.17 and 1.16.1, dpkg-buildpackage exported compiler flags (CFLAGS,
CXXFLAGS, FFLAGS, CPPFLAGS and LDFLAGS) with values as returned by dpkg-buildflags. This
is no longer the case.
Default build targets
dpkg-buildpackage is using the build-arch and build-indep targets since dpkg 1.16.2. Those
targets are thus mandatory. But to avoid breakages of existing packages, and ease the
transition, if the source package does not build both architecture independent and
dependent binary packages (since dpkg 1.18.8) it will fallback to use the build target if
make -f debian/rules -qn build-target returns 2 as exit code.
BUGS
It should be possible to specify spaces and shell metacharacters and initial arguments for
gain-root-command and sign-command.
SEE ALSO
dpkg-source(1), dpkg-architecture(1), dpkg-buildflags(1), dpkg-genbuildinfo(1),
dpkg-genchanges(1), fakeroot(1), lintian(1), gpg2(1), gpg(1).
1.19.7 2019-06-03 dpkg-buildpackage(1)
Help output
dpkg-buildpackage --helpUsage: dpkg-buildpackage [<option>...]
Options:
--build=<type>[,...] specify the build <type>: full, source, binary,
any, all (default is 'full').
-F, --build=full normal full build (source and binary; default).
-g, --build=source,all source and arch-indep build.
-G, --build=source,any source and arch-specific build.
-b, --build=binary binary-only, no source files.
-B, --build=any binary-only, only arch-specific files.
-A, --build=all binary-only, only arch-indep files.
-S, --build=source source-only, no binary files.
-nc, --no-pre-clean do not pre clean source tree (implies -b).
--pre-clean pre clean source tree (default).
--no-post-clean do not post clean source tree (default).
-tc, --post-clean post clean source tree.
-D, --check-builddeps check build dependencies and conflicts (default).
-d, --no-check-builddeps do not check build dependencies and conflicts.
--ignore-builtin-builddeps
do not check builtin build dependencies.
-P, --build-profiles=<profiles>
assume comma-separated build <profiles> as active.
--rules-requires-root assume legacy Rules-Requires-Root field value.
-R, --rules-file=<rules> rules file to execute (default is debian/rules).
-T, --rules-target=<target> call debian/rules <target>.
--as-root ensure -T calls the target with root rights.
-j, --jobs[=<number>|auto] jobs to run simultaneously (passed to <rules>),
forced mode.
-J, --jobs-try[=<number>|auto]
jobs to run simultaneously (passed to <rules>),
opt-in mode (default is auto).
-r, --root-command=<command>
command to gain root rights (default is fakeroot).
--check-command=<command>
command to check the .changes file (no default).
--check-option=<opt> pass <opt> to check <command>.
--hook-<name>=<command> set <command> as the hook <name>, known hooks:
init preclean source build binary buildinfo
changes postclean check sign done
--buildinfo-option=<opt>
pass option <opt> to dpkg-genbuildinfo.
-p, --sign-command=<command>
command to sign .dsc and/or .changes files
(default is gpg2 or gpg).
-k, --sign-key=<keyid> the key to use for signing.
-ap, --sign-pause add pause before starting signature process.
-us, --unsigned-source unsigned source package.
-ui, --unsigned-buildinfo unsigned .buildinfo file.
-uc, --unsigned-changes unsigned .buildinfo and .changes file.
--no-sign do not sign any file.
--force-sign force signing the resulting files.
--admindir=<directory> change the administrative directory.
-?, --help show this help message.
--version show the version.
Options passed to dpkg-architecture:
-a, --host-arch <arch> set the host Debian architecture.
-t, --host-type <type> set the host GNU system type.
--target-arch <arch> set the target Debian architecture.
--target-type <type> set the target GNU system type.
Options passed to dpkg-genchanges:
-si source includes orig, if new upstream (default).
-sa source includes orig, always.
-sd source is diff and .dsc only.
-v<version> changes since version <version>.
-m, --release-by=<maint> maintainer for this release is <maint>.
-e, --build-by=<maint> maintainer for this build is <maint>.
-C<descfile> changes are described in <descfile>.
--changes-option=<opt> pass option <opt> to dpkg-genchanges.
Options passed to dpkg-source:
-sn force Debian native source format.
-s[sAkurKUR] see dpkg-source for explanation.
-z, --compression-level=<level>
compression level to use for source.
-Z, --compression=<compressor>
compression to use for source (gz|xz|bzip2|lzma).
-i, --diff-ignore[=<regex>] ignore diffs of files matching <regex>.
-I, --tar-ignore[=<pattern>]
filter out files when building tarballs.
--source-option=<opt> pass option <opt> to dpkg-source.
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